Author: Manasvi Specialists

Selective Mutism

Selective Mutism

Psychiatry

Selective Mutism

Diagnostic Criteria

  1. Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking (e.g., at school) despite speaking in other situations.
  2. The disturbance interferes with educational or occupational achievement or with social communication.
  3. The duration of the disturbance is at least 1 month (not limited to the first month of school).
  4. The failure to speak is not attributable to a lack of knowledge of, or comfort with, the spoken language required in the social situation.
  5. The disturbance is not better explained by a communication disorder (e.g., childhood onset fluency disorder) and does not occur exclusively during the course of autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, or another psychotic disorder.

Medical Specialists

read more
Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Psychiatry

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Diagnostic Criteria

A) Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities (such as work or school performance).

B) The individual finds it difficult to control the worry.

C) The anxiety and worry are associated with three (or more) of the following six symptoms (with at least some symptoms having been present for more days than not for the past 6 months):

Note: Only one item is required in children.

  1. Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge.
  2. Being easily fatigued.
  3. Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank.
  4. Irritability.
  5. Muscle tension.
  6. Sleep disturbance (difficulty falling or staying asleep, or restless, unsatisfying sleep).

D) The anxiety, worry or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

E) The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism).

F) The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder (e.g., anxiety or worry about having panic attacks in panic disorder, negative evaluation in social anxiety disorder [social phobia], contamination obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation from attachment figures in separation anxiety disorder, reminders of traumatic events in posttraumatic stress disorder, gaining weight in anorexia nervosa, physical complaints in somatic symptom disorder, perceived appearance flaws in body dimorphic disorder, having a serious illness anxiety disorder, or the content of delusional beliefs in schizophrenia or delusional disorder).

Medical Specialists

read more
Agoraphobia

Agoraphobia

Psychiatry

Agoraphobia

Diagnostic Criteria

A) Marked  fear or anxiety about two (or more) of the following five situations:

  1. Using public transportation (e.g., automobiles, buses, trains, ships, planes).
  2. Being in open spaces (e.g., parking lots, marketplaces, bridges).
  3. Being in enclosed places (e.g., shops, theaters, cinemas).
  4. Standing in line or being a crowd.
  5. Being outside of the home alone.

B)The individual fears or avoids these situations because of thoughts that escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of developing panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms (e.g., fear of falling in the elderly; fear of incontinence).

C) The agoraphobic situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety.

D)The agoraphobic situations are actively avoided, require the presence of a companion, or are endured with intense fear or anxiety.

E)The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the agoraphobic situations and to the sociocultural context.

F) The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically for 6 months or more.

G)The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

H)  If another medical condition (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, Parkinson’s disease) is present, the fear, anxiety, or avoidance is clearly excessive.

I)  The  fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder-for example , the symptoms are  not confined to specific phobia, situational  type; do not involve only social situations (as in social anxiety disorder); and are not related exclusively to obsessions (as in obsessive-compulsive disorder), perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance (as in body dimorphic disorder), reminders of  traumatic events (as in posttraumatic stress disorder), or fear of separation (as in separation anxiety 

Note:   Agoraphobia is diagnosed irrespective of the presence of panic disorder. If an individual’s presentation meets criteria for panic disorder and agoraphobia, both diagnoses should be assigned.

Medical Specialists

read more
Phobias

Phobias

Psychiatry

Phobias

Phobias are among the most common off all psychiatric disorders. Specific phobias affects 5-10 % of the general population and social phobia affects about 3 %.

A. What are phobias?

Phobias are marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable which is triggered by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation. Exposure to the situation cause intense anxiety and distress. People with phobias avoid the anxiety provoking situation.

There are many kinds of phobias

  1. Blood phobia: runs in the family
  2. Phobias for heights
  3. Phobias for lifts, escalators
  4. Phobias for flying in aircraft
  5. Phobias for enclosed places ETCSocial anxiety disorder or
  6. social phobia is one of the most common psychiatric disorder with a life time prevalence off 12 %. It is more common among women than men but both men and women equally seek help for the problem.

B. What are the symptoms of social Phobia?

There are definite criteria to diagnose social phobia

Some of the symptoms are

  1. A marked and persistent fear of social situations in which person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others.
  2. Fear that he or she will act in way that will be humiliating or embarrassing.
  3. Exposure to the feared social situation provokes anxiety.
  4. The person recognizes that the fear is excessive or unreasonable.
  5. Avoiding the feared social situation.
  6. Impaired socio –occupational functioning.
    Duration of above symptoms should at least be for 6 mont

Medical Specialists

read more
Other Personality Disorders

Other Personality Disorders

Psychiatry

Other Personality Disorders

Personality Change Due to another Medical Condition

Diagnostic Criteria

A) A persistent personality disturbance that represents a change from the individual’s previous characteristic personality pattern.

Note: In children, the disturbance involves a marked deviation from normal development or a significant change in the child’s usual behavior patterns, lasting at least 1 year.

B) There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is the direct patho physiological consequence of another medical condition.

C) The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder (including another mental disorder due to another medical condition).

D) The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium.

E) The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Specify whether:

Labile type: If the predominant feature is affective liability.

Disinherited type: If the predominant feature is poor impulse control as evidenced by sexual indiscretions, etc.

Aggressive type: If the predominant feature is aggressive behavior.

Apathetic type: if the predominant feature is marked apathy and indifference.

Paranoid type: If the predominant feature is suspiciousness or paranoid ideation.

Other type: If the presentation is not characterized by any of the above subtypes.

Combined type: If more than one feature predominates in the clinical picture.

Unspecified type

Medical Specialists

read more
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Psychiatry

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Diagnostic Criteria

A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following:

  1. Is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost.
  2. Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion (e.g., unable to complete a project because his or her own overly strict standards are not met).
  3. Is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships (not accounted for by obvious economic necessity).
  4. Is over conscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values (not accounted for by cultural or religious identification).
  5. Is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value.
  6. Is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly his or her way of doing things.
  7. Adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others; money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes.
  8. Shows rigidity and stubbornness.

Medical Specialists

read more