Category: Psychiatry

The Antidepressant Bupropion

The Antidepressant Bupropion

Psychiatry

Patient Information On The Antidepresant Bupropion

PATIENT INFORMATION ON THE ANTIDEPRESANT BUPROPION

The name of your medication is Bupropion. It belongs to a class of antidepressants called Selective Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (SDRI).

Use

Bupropion is primarily used in the treatment of major depressive disorders and depression associated with Manic Depressive Illness (Bipolar Disorder ). It has also been approved in the management of smoking cessation.

Though not approved for this indication, bupropion has also been found useful in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

How quickly will the drug start working?

Bupropion is prescribed twice a day, morning and evening. It begins to improve sleep and appetite and to increase energy within about one week; however, feelings of depression may take from 4-6 weeks to improve. Because antidepressants take time to work, do not decrease or increase the dose or stop the medication without discussing this with your doctor. Improvement in smoking cessation/ withdrawal also occurs over a period of 6 weeks.

How long should you take this medication?

Following the first episode of depression it is recommended that antidepressants be continued for a minimum of one year; this decreases the chance of being ill again. The doctor may then decrease the drug slowly and monitor for any symptoms of depression; if none occur, the drug can gradually be stopped.

For individuals; who have had several episodes of depression, antidepressant medication should be continued indefinitely.

Use of bupropion for smoking cessation is recommended as a one-time treatment for a period of 6 weeks.

Side effects

Side effects occur, to some degree, with all medication. They are usually not serious and do not occur in all individuals. They may sometimes occur before beneficial effects of the medication are noticed. If a side effect continues, speak to your doctor about appropriate treatment.

Common side effects that should be reported to your doctor at the next appointment include:

  • Energizing/ agitated feeling—Some individuals may feel nervous or have difficulty sleeping for a few days after starting this medication. Report this to your doctor; he/she may advise you to take the medication in the morning.
  • Vivid dreams or nightmares—This can occur at the start of treatment.
  • Headache– This can be managed by taking analgesics (e.g.,paracetamol, aspirin, acetaminophen) as required. If the headache persists or is “ troubling” contact your doctor.
  • Muscle tremor, twitching—Speak to your doctor as this may require an adjustment in your dosage.
  • Nausea or heartburn—if this happens, take the medication with food.
  • Loss of appetite.
  • Dry mouth—Sour candy and sugarless gum help increase saliva in your mouth; try to avoid sweet, calorie-laden beverages. Drink water and brush your teeth regularly.
  • Sweating—You may sweat more than usual; frequent showering, use of deodorants and talcum powder may help.
  • Blood pressure—A slight increase in blood pressure can occur with this drug. If you are taking medication for high blood pressure, tell doctor, as this medication may have to be adjusted.

Rare side effects you should report your doctor IMMEDIATELY include:

  • Persistent, troubling headache
  • Seizures; these usually occur with high doses
  • Soreness of the mouth, gums, or throat
  • Skin rash or itching, swelling of the face
  • Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, lethargy, weakness, fever, or flu-like symptoms
  • Yellow tinge in the eyes or to the skin; dark-colored urine
  • Tingling in the hands and feet, severe muscle twitching
  • Severe agitation or restlessness
  • Switch in mood to an unusual state of happiness, excitement, irritability, or a marked disturbance in sleep

Let your doctor know as soon possible if you miss your period or suspect you may be pregnant.

What should you do if you forget to take a dose of your medication?

If you forget to take the morning dose of antidepressant by more than 4 hours, skip the missed dose and continue with your schedule for the evening dose. DO NOT DOUBLE THE DOSE as seizures may occur.

Interactions with other medication

Because antidepressant drugs can change the effect of other medication, or may be affected by other medication, always check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking other drugs, including over-counter medication such as cold remedies. Always inform any doctor or dentist that you see that you are taking an antidepressant drug.

Precautions

  1. Do not increase or decrease your dose without consulting your doctor.
  2. Do not stop your drug suddenly as this may result in withdrawal symptoms such as muscle aches, chills, tingling in your hands or feet, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness.
  3. Report any changes in mood or behavior to your physician.
  4. This drug may interact with medication prescribed by your dentist, so let him/her know the name of the drug you are taking.
  5. Store your medication in a clean, dry area at room temperature. Keep all medication out of the reach of children.

If you have any questions regarding this medication, do not hesitate to contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse.

Medical Specialists

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Antagonist/Reuptake Inhibitor (SARI)

Antagonist/Reuptake Inhibitor (SARI)

Psychiatry

Antagonist/Reuptake Inhibitor (SARI)

PATIENT INFORMATION ON SEROTONIN-2 ANTAGONIST/REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SARI) 

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

The name of your medication is nefazodone / trazodone

Use

SARI antidepressants are used in the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder and depression associated with Manic Depressive Illness (Bipolar Disorder). These drugs have also been found effective in several other disorders including dysthymia, premenstrual dysphoria or depression and impulsive behavior, though they are currently not approved for these indications.

How quickly will the drug start working?

Antidepressants begin to improve sleep and appetite and to increase energy within about one week; however, feelings of depression may take from 4-6 weeks to improve. Because antidepressants take time to work, do not decrease or increase the dose or stop the medication without discussing this with your doctor. Improvement in symptoms of premenstrual dysphoria or impulsive behavior also occur gradually. 

How long should you take this medication?

Following the first episode of depression it is recommended that antidepressants be continued for a minimum of one year; this decreases the chance of being ill again. The doctor may then decrease the drug slowly and monitor for any symptoms of depression; if none occur, the drug can gradually be stopped. For individuals who have had several episodes of depression, antidepressant medication should be continued indefinitely.

Side effects

Side effects occur, to some degree, with all medication. They are usually not serious and do not occur in all individuals. They may sometimes occur before beneficial effects of the medication are noticed . If a side effect continues, speak to your doctor about appropriate treatment.

Common side effects that should be reported to your doctor at the next appointment include:

  • Drowsiness and lethargy— this problem goes away with time. Use of other drugs that make you drowsy will worsen the problem. Avoid driving a car or operating machinery if drowsiness persists.
  • Energizing/agitated feeling-Some individuals may feel nervous or have difficulty sleeping for a few days after starting this medication.
  • Headache-This tends to be temporary and can be managed by taking analgesics (paracetamol, aspirin, acetaminophen) when required.
  • Muscle tremor, twitching-Speak to your doctor as this may require an adjustment in your dosage.
  • Changes in sex drive or sexual performance-Though rare, should this problem occur, discuss it with your doctor.
  • Dry mouth-Sour candy and sugarless gum help increase saliva in your mouth; try to avoid sweet, calorie-laden beverages. Drink water and brush your teeth regularly.
  • Loss of appetite.

Rare side effects you should report to your doctor IMMEDIATELY include:

  • Soreness of the mouth, gums, or throat
  • Skin rash or itching, swelling of the face
  • Any unusual bruising or bleeding
  • Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, lethargy, weakness, fever, or flu-like symptoms
  • Yellow tinge in the eyes or to the skin; dark-colored urine
  • Tingling in the hands and feet, severe muscle twitching
  • Severe agitation or restlessness
  • Switch in mood to an unusual state of happiness, excitement, irritability , or a marked disturbance in sleep

Let your doctor know as soon as possible if you miss your period or suspect you may be pregnant.

What should you do if you forget to take a dose of your medication?

If you take your total dose of antidepressant in the morning and you forget to take it for more than 6 hours, skip the missed dose and continue with your schedule the next day. DO NOT DOUBLE THE DOSE. If you take the drug several times a day, take the missed dose when you remember, then continue with your regular schedule.

Interactions with other medication

Because SARI antidepressant drugs can change the effect of other medication, or may be affected by other medication, always check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking other drugs, including over-the-counter medication such as cold remedies. Always inform any doctor or dentist that you see that you are taking an antidepressant drug.

Precautions

  1. Do not increase or decrease your dose without consulting your doctor.
  2. Take your drug with meals or with water, milk , orange or apple juice; avoid grapefruit juice as it may interfere with the effect of the drug.
  3. This drug may impair the mental and physical abilities required for driving a car or operating machinery. Avoid these activities if you feel drowsy or slowed down.
  4. This drug may increase the effects of alcohol, making you more sleepy, dizzy and lightheaded.
  5. Do not stop your drug suddenly as this may result in withdrawal symptoms such as muscle aches, aches, chills, tingling in your hands or feet, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness.
  6. Report any changes in mood or behavior to your physician.
  7. This drug may interact with medication prescribed by your dentist, so let him/ her know the name of the drug you are taking.
  8. Store your medication in a clean, dry area at room temperature. Keep all medication out of the reach of children.

If you have any questions regarding this medication, do not hesitate to contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse.

Medical Specialists

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Cyclic Antidepressants

Cyclic Antidepressants

Psychiatry

Cyclic Antidepressants

PATIENT INFORMATION ON CYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS

The name of your medication is amitriptyline, imipramine,clomipramine etc.

Use

Cyclic antidepressants are primarily used in the treatment of major depressive disorders and depression associated with Manic Depressive Illness (Bipolar Disorder).

Certain drugs in this class have also been found effective in several other disorders including obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, bulimia, management of chronic pain conditions (e. g., migraines) and enuresis in children.

How quickly will the drug start working?

Antidepressants begin to improve sleep and appetite and to increase energy within about one week; however, feelings of depression may take from 4 to 6 weeks to improve. Because antidepressants take time to work, do not decrease or increase the dose or stop the medication without discussing this with your doctor.

Improvement in symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder and bulimia, pain management and enuresis also occur gradually.

How long should you take this medication?

Following the first episode of depression it is recommended that antidepressants be continued for a minimum of one year; this decreases the chance of being ill again. The doctor may then decrease the drug slowly and monitor for any symptoms of depression; if none had several episodes of depression, antidepressant medication should be continued indefinitely.

For individuals who have had several episodes of depression, antidepressant medication should be continued indefinitely.

Long-term treatment is generally recommended for obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, bulimia, pain management and enuresis.

Side effects

Side effects occur, to some degree, with all medication. They are usually not serious and do not occur in all individuals. They may sometimes occur before beneficial effects of the medication are noticed. If a side effect continues, speak to your doctor about appropriate treatment.

Common side effects that should be reported to your doctor at the next appointment include:

  • Drowsiness and lethargy-This problem goes away with time. Use of other drugs that make you drowsy will worsen the problem. Avoid driving a car or operating machinery if drowsiness persists.
  • Energizing/agitated feeling-Some individuals may feel nervous or have difficulty sleeping for a few days after starting this medication. Report this to your doctor; he/she may advise you to take the medication in the morning.
  • Blurred vision-This usually occurs at the start of treatment and tends to be temporary. Reading under a bright light or at a distance may help; a magnifying glass can be of temporary use. If the problem continues, advise your doctor.
  • Dry mouth-Sour candy and sugarless gum help increase saliva in your mouth; try to avoid sweet, calorie-laden beverages. Drink water and brush your teeth regularly.
  • Constipation-Increase bulk foods in your diet(e.g., salads, bran) and drink plenty of fluids. Some individuals find a bulk laxative (e.g., isapgul) or a stool softener helps regulate their bowels. If these remedies are not effective, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
  • Headache-This tends to be temporary and can be managed by taking analgesics ( Paracetamol, aspirin, acetaminophen) when required.
  • Nausea or heartburn-If this happens, take the medication with food. 
  • Dizziness- Get up from a lying or sitting position slowly; dangle your legs over the edge of the bed for a few minutes before getting up. Sit or lie down if dizziness persists or if you feel faint, then contact your doctor.
  • Sweating You may sweat more than usual; frequent showering, use of deodorants and talcum powder may help.
  • Muscle tremor, twitching- Speak to your doctor as this may require an adjustment in your dosage.
  • Changes in sex drive or sexual performance-Discuss this with your doctor.
  • Nightmares- Can is managed by changing the dosing schedule.

Rare side effects you should report to your doctor IMMEDIATELY include:

  • Soreness of the mouth, gums, or throat
  • Skin rash or itching, swelling of the face
  • Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, lethargy, weakness, fever, or flu-like symptoms
  • Yellow tinge in the eyes or to the skin; dark-colored urine
  • Inability’ to pass urine (more than 24 hours)
  • Inability to have a bowel movement (more than 2-3 days)
  • Tingling in the hands and feet, severe muscle twitching
  • Severe agitation or restlessness
  • Switch in mood to an unusual state of happiness, excitement, irritability, or a marked disturbance in sleep

Let your doctor know as soon as possible if you miss your period or suspect you may be pregnant.

What should you do if you forget to take a dose of your medication?

If you take your total dose of antidepressant in the morning and you forget to take it for more than 6 hours, skip the missed dose and continue with schedule the next day. DO NOT DOUBLE THE DOSE. If you take the drug several times a day, take the missed dose when you remember, then continue with your regular schedule.

Interactions with other medication

Because antidepressant drugs can change the effect of other medication, or may be affected by other medication, always check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking other drugs, including over-the-counter medication such as cold remedies. Always inform any doctor or dentist that you see that you are taking an antidepressant drug.

Precautions

  1. Do not increase or decrease your dose without consulting your doctor.
  2. Take your drug with meals or with water, milk orange or apple juice; avoid grapefruit juice as it may interfere with the effect of the drug.
  3. This drug may impair the mental and physical abilities required for driving a car or operating machinery. Avoid these activities if you feel drowsy or slowed down.
  4. This drug may increase the effects of alcohol, making you more sleepy, dizzy and lightheaded.
  5. Avoid exposure to extreme heat and humidity since this drug may affect your body’s ability to regulate temperature.
  6. Do not stop your drug suddenly as this may result in withdrawal symptoms such as muscle aches, chills, tingling in your hands or feet, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness.
  7. Report any changes in mood or behavior to your physician.
  8. This drug may interact with medication prescribed by your dentist, so let him/her know the name of the drug you are taking.
  9. Store your medication in a clean, dry area at room temperature. Keep all medication out of the reach of children. 

If you have any questions regarding this medication, do not hesitate to contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse.

Medical Specialists

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The Antidepressant Venlafaxine

The Antidepressant Venlafaxine

Psychiatry

The Antidepressant Venlafaxine

PATIENT INFORMATION ON THE ANTIDEPRESSANT VENLAFAXINE

The name of your medication is venlafaxine. It belongs to a class of antidepressants called Selective Serotonin and Nor epinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI).

Use

Venlafaxine is primarily used in the treatment of major depressive disorders and depression associated with Manic Depressive Illness (Bipolar Disorder ).

Though not approved for these indications, venlafaxine has also been found effective in several other disorders including obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, social phobia, and in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. 

How quickly will the drug start working?

Venlafaxine begins to improve sleep and appetite and to increase energy within about one week; however, feelings of depression may take from 4 to 6 weeks to improve. Because antidepressants take time to work, do not decrease or increase the dose or stop the medication without discussing this with your doctor.

Improvement in symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder and social phobia also occur gradually over several weeks.

How long should you take this medication?

Following the first episode of depression it is recommended that antidepressants be continued for a minimum of one year; this decreases the chance of being ill again. The doctor may then decrease the drug slowly and monitor for any symptoms of depression; if none occur, the drug can gradually be stopped. For individuals who have had several episodes of depression, antidepressant medication should be continued indefinitely. Long-term treatment is generally recommended for obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and social phobia.

Side effects

Side effects occur, to some degree, with all medication. They are usually not serious and do not occur in all individuals. They may sometimes occur before beneficial effects of the medication are noticed. If a side effect continues, speak to your doctor about appropriate treatment.

Common side effects that should be reported to your doctor at the next appointment include:

  • Energizing/ agitated feeling—Some individuals may feel nervous or have difficulty sleeping for a few days after starting this medication. Report this to your doctor; he/ she may advise you to take the medications in the morning.
  • Headache—This can be managed by taking analgesics (e.g.,paracetamol, aspirin, acetaminophen) as required . If the headache persists or is “troubling” contact your doctor.
  • Nausea or heartburn—If this happens, take the medication with food.
  • Dry mouth—Sour candy and sugarless gum help increase saliva in your mouth; try to avoid sweet, calorie- laden beverages. Drink water and brush your teeth regularly.
  • Constipation—Increase bulk foods in your diet (e.g., salads, bran) and drink plenty of fluids. Some individuals find a bulk laxative (e . g., isapgul) or a stool softener helps regulate their bowels. If these remedies are not effective, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
  • Sweating—You may sweat more than usual; frequent showering, use of deodorants and talcum powder may help.
  • Blood pressure—A slight increase in blood pressure can occur with this drug . If you are taking medication for high blood pressure, tell your doctor, as this medication may have to be adjusted.
  • Changes in sex drive or sexual performance- – Discuss this with your doctor.

Rare side effects you should report to your doctor IMMEDIATELY include:

  • Persistent, troubling headache
  • Soreness of the mouth , gums, or throat
  • Skin rash or itching, swelling of the face
  • Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, lethargy, weakness, fever, or flu-like symptoms
  • Yellow tinge in the eyes or to the skin; dark-colored urine
  • Tingling in the hands and feet, severe muscle twitching
  • Severe agitation or restlessness
  • Switch in mood to an unusual state of happiness, excitement, irritability, or a marked disturbance in sleep

Let your doctor know as soon as possible if you miss your period or suspect you may be pregnant.

What should you do if you forget to take a dose of your medication?

If you take your total dose of antidepressant in the morning and you forget to take it for more than 6 hours, skip the missed dose and continue with your schedule the next day. DO NOT DOUBLE THE DOSE. If you take the drug several times a day, take the missed does when you remember, then continue with your regular schedule.

Interactions with other medication

Because antidepressant drugs can change the effect of other medication, or may be affected by other medication, always check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking other drugs, including over-the-counter medication such as cold remedies. Always inform any doctor or dentist that you see that you are taking an antidepressant drug.

Precautions

  1. Do not increase or decrease your dose without consulting your doctor.
  2. This drug may impair the mental and physical abilities required for driving a car or operating machinery. Avoid these activities if you feel drowsy or slowed down.
  3. This drug may increase the effects of alcohol, making you more sleepy, dizzy and lightheaded.
  4. Do not stop your drug suddenly as this may result in withdrawal symptoms such as muscle aches, chills , tingling in your hands or feet, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness.
  5. Report any changes in mood or behavior to your physician
  6. This drug may interact with medication prescribed by your dentist, so let him/her know the name of the drug you are taking.
  7. Store your medication in a clean, dry area at room temperature. Keep all medication out of the reach of children.

If you have any questions regarding this medication, do not hesitate to contact your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse.

Medical Specialists

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Virtual Reality Therapy

Virtual Reality Therapy

Psychiatry

Virtual Reality Therapy

We have temporarily Stopped our Virtual Reality Therapy services.

Phobia Treatment (Virtual Reality Therapy)

If your life is limited due to intense fears (phobias) of things like flying, heights, public speaking, or thunderstorms, Manasvi specialists  Virtual Reality Program can help you overcome them.

Virtual reality (VR) therapy has been proven to successfully treat phobia patients by using simulated real-life experiences in a safe and confidential setting.

VR Therapy: A Successful Alternative to Traditional Phobia Treatment

Anxiety disorders — such as phobias — can make life difficult, or even unbearable, for many people. Treatment to overcome anxiety disorders has traditionally involved practicing new behaviors while being exposed to the feared situation. With repeated exposures, the fear response is gradually replaced with the desired behavior.

While effective, this approach often requires the therapist and patient to repeatedly venture out into the real world to encounter the fear-inducing experience. Because each trip requires an extended time in an uncontrolled environment, progress may be slow.

VR therapy offers patients a successful alternative to traditional treatment — one that can help them break free from life-limiting phobias, often in a matter of weeks.

How Does VR Therapy Work?

VR uses the most sophisticated computer technology to recreate the sights and sounds of a fear-provoking situation in a “virtual” environment. Patients enter this simulated environment and is gradually exposed to the fear causing stimulus.

For example, a patient with a fear of flying will experience a variety of flight-related situations, such as sitting on and taxiing down the runway, taking off, flying in different types of weather, and landing. The therapist can replay the simulation of the parts of the flying experience that cause the patient the most anxiety as many times as necessary until the patient is comfortable with it.

Throughout the program, a trained therapist teaches each patient relaxation techniques to deal with the symptoms provoked by exposure to the virtual environment. During each exposure, the therapist helps the patient practice replacing the fear response with new behaviors. Over time, patients’ anxiety levels decrease as they are repeatedly exposed to the once-feared experience.

Advantages of VR Therapy

There are distinct advantages to using a therapist-controlled, simulated environment for the treatment of phobias and other anxiety disorders. These include:

  1. Greater safety and unlimited repetitions – The simulated (virtual) environment can be controlled easily to ensure that patients receive the appropriate experience in a safe manner, and the entire course of treatment can be completed within the security of the therapist’s office.
  2. Patients don’t waste time going into the real world in search of the experiences that cause them anxiety. By controlling all aspects of the simulated environment, the therapist can repeatedly expose patients to each phase of a fear-provoking event until it is mastered, which can greatly shorten the time required to overcome the phobia in comparison with traditional therapies.
  3. Easily scheduled, confidential sessions – Because patients receive treatments in the therapist’s office, each session fits within the standard 45- to 50-minute therapy hour, multiple sessions can be scheduled within the same week to accommodate our patients’ schedules, and patients don’t run the risk of running into friends or becoming panicked in a public place. 

Medical Specialists

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Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Psychiatry

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)

cognitive-behaviour-therapy

Information about Cognitive behaviour therapy

CBT is a type of talking therapy. It’s a combination of cognitive therapy, which helps with your thinking processes, and behavioural therapy, which focuses on your behaviour in response to those thoughts.

Common CBT techniques include:

  1. challenging negative beliefs and replacing them with alternative ones
  2. problem solving
  3. developing coping skills

CBT is a short-term treatment that usually lasts between six weeks and six months. It consists of individual treatment sessions, which you will usually attend every week and at times a few times a week as per need of the patient. Occasionally, group sessions are available as well. The number of sessions you have will depend on your condition and commitment to the treatment. Each session usually lasts for about half an hour to one hour.

CBT is most often used to treat anxiety disorders or depression. However, it can also be used to treat:

  1. panic disorders
  2. eating disorder
  3. obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
  4. bipolar disorder with medications
  5. phobias
  6. stress
  7. post-traumatic stress disorder
  8. schizophrenia with medication
  9. sanger issues
  10. sleep problems
  11. body dysmorphic disorder
  12. persistent pain
  13. sexual or relationship issues

CBT is sometimes given together with medication for anxiety disorders, moderate to severe depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

What happens during CBT? 

To start with, your CBT practitioner will ask about your background and how you are currently feeling. He or she will work with you to identify problem areas and you will decide which areas you would like to deal with.

You will learn to make sense of your problems by breaking them down into smaller areas so that you can see how they are connected and how they affect you.

Using structured techniques, your CBT practitioner will try to identify how you are thinking and how this can cause problematic feelings and behaviours. You will learn to challenge negative ways of thinking, and how to react more positively. This can lead to behavioural changes that may make you feel better.

You will usually be asked to keep a diary so that you can identify how you react to certain events. This will help you to identify patterns of thoughts, emotions, physical feelings and actions, and see if they are unrealistic or unhelpful.

Your CBT practitioner will usually set you homework assignments. This may include reading material, tasks where you can test and practice the techniques you learn, or gradually exposing yourself to situations you’re afraid of. Your CBT practitioner may ask you to practice replacing negative thoughts with positive ones during everyday events. This isn’t always easy, but by using CBT techniques you can try out different behavioural approaches in real situations, which can help you to make changes. You won’t be asked to do anything that you don’t feel comfortable with.

CBT aims to provide you with the insight and skills to improve your quality of life. Once therapy has finished, you will be able to practice what you have learnt and continue on your own.

Is CBT effective? 

Research suggests that CBT is effective at reducing the symptoms of anxiety disorders and mild to moderate depression. It may also help to reduce your risk of getting these conditions again (relapse). It has also been used effectively in other conditions as well.

Deciding on CBT treatment 

Treatment can be challenging and you must want to actively change your thoughts and behaviour for it to be successful. You will need to be open, persistent and brave when undergoing CBT and you may have to deal with difficult emotions such as anger, guilt and shame. The success of CBT depends on your active participation and commitment to the process.

How well does cognitive behavioural therapy work?

CBT has been shown in clinical trials to help ease symptoms of various health problems. For example, research studies have shown that a course of CBT is just as likely to be effective as medication in treating depression and certain anxiety disorders. There may be long-term benefits of CBT, as the techniques to combat these problems can be used for the rest of your life to help to keep symptoms away. So, for example, depression or anxiety are less likely to recur in the future. There is good research evidence too to show that CBT can help to improve symptoms of some physical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.

What is the difference between cognitive behavioural therapy and other talking treatments?

CBT is one type of psychotherapy (talking treatment). Unlike other types of psychotherapy it does not involve talking freely, or dwell on events in your past to gain insight into your emotional state of mind. It is not a “lie on the couch and tell all” type of therapy.

CBT tends to deal with the here and now – how your current thoughts and behaviours are affecting you now. It recognizes that events in your past have shaped the way that you currently think and behave. In particular, thought patterns and behaviours learned in childhood, However, CBT does not dwell on the past, but aims to find solutions to how to change your current thoughts and behaviours so that you can function better now and in the future.

CBT is also different to counseling, which is meant to be non-directive, empathetic and supportive. Although the CBT therapist will offer support and empathy, the therapy has a structure, is problem-focused and practical.

What are the limitations of cognitive behavioural therapy?

CBT does not suit everyone and it is not helpful for all conditions. You need to be committed and persistent in tackling and improving your health problem with the help of the therapist. It can be hard work. The homework may be difficult and challenging. You may be taken ‘out of your comfort zone’ when tackling situations which cause anxiety or distress. However, many people have greatly benefited from a course of CBT.

CBT duration and charges

Total number of sessions:  12-15 sessions approximately

Duration: 30mins to 45 mins/ session

Process includes

6-8 sessions (approximately) —-   techniques to change cognitions

6 sessions (approximately) —–    Biofeedback plus relaxation therapy

One session —- virtual reality relaxation session

Material given:

One audio CD for Relaxation

Medical Specialists

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