Psychiatry

ocd
Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)
Recurrent pulling out of one’s hair, resulting in hair loss. Repeated attempts to decrease or stop hair pulling. The hair
excoriation-skin-picking-disorder
Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder
Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions. Repeated attempts to decrease or stop skin picking. The skin picking causes clinically
Anxiety Disorders Treatment in Bangalore
Specific Phobia
A) Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, and animals, receiving an injection, seeing
Anxiety Disorders Treatment in Bangalore
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by
Anxiety Disorders Treatment in Bangalore
Panic Attack Specifier
Symptoms are presented for the purpose of identifying a panic attack; however, panic attack is not a mental disorder and
Anxiety Disorders Treatment in Bangalore
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached, as evidenced by
kid
Selective Mutism
Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking (e.g., at school) despite
stress-management
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of
antisocial-personality-disorder
Agoraphobia
A) Marked fear or anxiety about two (or more) of the following five situations: Using public transportation (e.g., automobiles, buses,
Anxiety Disorders Treatment in Bangalore
Phobias
Phobias are among the most common off all psychiatric disorders. Specific phobias affects 5-10 % of the general population and
Personality Disorder
Other Personality Disorders
A persistent personality disturbance that represents a change from the individual’s previous characteristic personality pattern. Note: In children, the disturbance
obsessive-compulsive-personality-disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of..
histrionic-personality-disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of
antisocial-personality-disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood and present
Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood
manasvi_icon

No health without mental health!

Dr. Vijayakumar D.R MBBS, DPM, DNB (NIMHANS), CCST (UK)

Get in touch
  • psychiatry
  • psychiatry degree
  • psychiatry examples
  • psychiatry vs psychology
  • psychiatry salary
  • psychiatry meaning in hindi
  • psychiatry near me
  • psychiatry pronunciation
  • psychiatric disorders
  • psychiatrist in bangalore
  • best psychiatrist in bangalore nimhans
  • psychiatrist vs psychologist
  • best psychiatrist hospital in bangalore
  • psychiatrist near me
  • psychiatry meaning
  • psychiatry books
  • psychiatry and psychology
  • psychiatry research
  • psychiatry definition
  • psychiatry and mental health
  • psychiatry articles
  • a psychiatry clinic
  • psychiatry bangalore
  • psychiatry clinic
  • psychiatry counselling
  • psychiatry clinic near me
  • psychiatry doctor near me
  • psychiatry doctors
  • psychiatric emergencies
  • psychiatry experts
  • e-psychiatry cost
  • e-psychiatry phone number
  • psychiatry group
  • psychiatry genius
  • psychiatry hospitals in bangalore
  • psychiatry hospitals
  • psychiatry in bangalore
  • psychiatry in india
  • psychiatry logo
  • psychiatry latest news
  • psychiatry medicine
  • psychiatry meaning in english
  • psychiatry news
  • psychiatry neet pg
  • psychiatry notes
  • psychiatry online
  • psychiatry online courses
  • psychiatry ocd
  • psychiatry ppt
  • psychiatry pdf
  • psychiatry quotes
  • psychiatry study
  • psychiatry textbook
  • psychiatry terms
  • psychiatry topics
  • psychiatry video lectures
  • psychiatry wikipedia
  • psychiatry youtube
  • psychiatrist meaning
  • psychiatrist doctor
  • psychiatrist online
  • psychiatrist appointment
  • psychiatrist appointment near me
  • psychiatrist around me
  • psychiatrist apollo hospital
  • psychiatrist and psychologist
  • psychiatrist at bangalore
  • a psychiatrist treats
  • a psychiatrist near me
  • a psychiatrist is a therapist
  • a psychiatrist meaning
  • psychiatrist bangalore
  • psychiatrist books
  • psychiatrist best in bangalore
  • psychiatrist best
  • psychiatrist best in india
  • psychiatrist best near me
  • psychiatrist consultation
  • psychiatrist counselling
  • psychiatrist clinic near me
  • psychiatrist consultation fee in bangalore
  • psychiatrist consultation online
  • psychiatrist counselling in bangalore
  • psychiatrist doctor near me
  • psychiatrist doctor in bangalore
  • psychiatrist doctor in mangalore
  • psychiatrist definition
  • psychiatrist email
  • psychiatrist for kids
  • psychiatrist for depression
  • psychiatrist fees
  • psychiatrist for kids near me
  • psychiatrist fees in bangalore
  • psychiatrist for depression in bangalore
  • psychiatrist for children
  • psychiatrist hospital in bangalore
  • psychiatrist help
  • psychiatric hospital
  • psychiatrist i can see today
  • psychiatrist i need
  • psychiatrist i went to
  • psychiatrist live chat
  • psychiatrist medicine
  • psychiatrist online chat
  • psychiatrist patient
  • psychiatrist psychologist
  • psychiatrist prescription
  • psychiatric problem
  • psychiatrist phone number
  • psychiatrists
  • psychiatrists near me
  • psychiatrist therapist near me
  • psychiatrist test
  • psychiatrist therapy
  • psychiatrist treats
  • psychiatrist telugu
  • psychiatrist types
  • psychiatric treatment
  • psychiatrist visiting card
  • psychiatrist video
  • psychiatrist vacancy
  • psychiatrist work
  • psychiatrist wiki
  • psychiatrist website
  • psychiatrist what do they do
  • psychiatrist therapist in bangalore

Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)

Psychiatry

Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)

Diagnostic Criteria

  1. Recurrent pulling out of one’s hair, resulting in hair loss.
  2. Repeated attempts to decrease or stop hair pulling.
  3. The hair pulling causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
  4. The hair pulling or hair loss is not attributable to another medical condition (e.g., a dermatological condition).
  5. The hair pulling is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder (e.g., attempts to improve a perceived defect or flaw in appearance in body dimorphic disorder).
[INSERT_ELEMENTOR id="9770"]

Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder

Psychiatry

Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder

Diagnostic Criteria

  1. Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions.
  2. Repeated attempts to decrease or stop skin picking.
  3. The skin picking causes clinically significant distress or impairment is social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
  4. The skin picking is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., cocaine) or another medical condition (e.g., scabies).
  5. The skin picking is not better explained by symptoms of another mental disorder (e.g., delusions or tactile hallucinations in a psychotic disorder, attempts to improve a perceived defect or flaw in appearance in body dimorphic disorder, stereotypes in stereotypic movement disorder, or intention to harm oneself in no suicidal self-injury).
[INSERT_ELEMENTOR id="9770"]

Specific Phobia

Psychiatry

Specific Phobia

Diagnostic Criteria

A) Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, and animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood).

Note: In children, the fear or anxiety may be expressed by crying, tantrums, freezing, or clinging.

B) The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety.

C) The phobic object or situation is actively avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety.

D) The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation and to the sociocultural context.

E) The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more.

F) The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

G) The disturbance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder, including fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations associated with panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating symptoms (as in agoraphobia); objects or situations related to obsessions (as in obsessive-compulsive disorder); reminders of traumatic events (as in separation anxiety disorder); or social situations (as is social anxiety disorder).

Specify if:

Code based on the phobic stimulus: Like animal (e.g. Spiders, insects, dogs)

Natural environment (e.g. Heights, storm, water)

Blood-injection-injury (e.g. Needles, invasive medical procedures)

Situational (e.g. Aeroplanes, elevators, enclosed spaces)

Other. (E.g. Situations that may lead to choking or vomiting, in children such as loud sounds or costume characters)

Coding note: When more than one phobic stimulus is present, code all ICD-10-CM codes that apply (e.g., fear of snakes and flying, F40.218 specific phobia, animal, and specific phobia, situational).

[INSERT_ELEMENTOR id="9770"]

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

Psychiatry

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

Diagnostic Criteria

A) Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. Examples include social interactions (e.g., having a conversation, meeting unfamiliar people), being observed (e.g., eating or drinking), and performing in front of others (e.g., giving a speech).

Note: In children, the anxiety must occur in peer setting and not just during interactions with adults.

B) The individual fears that he or she will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated (i.e., will be humiliating or embarrassing; will lead to rejection or offend others).

C) The social situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety.

Note: In children, the fear or anxiety may be expressed by crying, tantrums, freezing, clinging, shrinking, or failing to speak in social situations.

D) The social situations are avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety.

E) The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the social situation and to the sociocultural context.

F) The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more.

G) The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

H) The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition.

I) The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not better explained disorder, or autism spectrum disorder.

J) If another medical condition (e.g., Parkinson’s disease, obesity, disfigurement from burns or injury) is present, the fear, anxiety, or avoidance is clearly unrelated or is excessive.

Specify if:

Performance only: If the fear is restricted to speaking or performing in public.

[INSERT_ELEMENTOR id="9770"]

Panic Attack Specifier

Psychiatry

Panic Attack Specifier

Note: Symptoms are presented for the purpose of identifying a panic attack; however, panic attack is not a mental disorder and cannot be coded. Panic attacks can occur in the context of any anxiety disorder as well as other mental disorders (e.g., depressive disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders) and some medical conditions (e.g., cardiac, respiratory, vestibular, gastrointestinal). When the presence of a panic attack is identified, it should be noted as a specified (e.g., ‘’posttraumatic stress disorder with panic attacks”). For panic disorder, the presence of panic attack is contained within the criteria for the disorder and panic attack is not used as a specified.

An abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes and during which time four (or more) of the following symptoms occur:

Note: The abrupt surge can occur from a calm state or an anxious state.

  1. Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate.
  2. Sweating.
  3. Trembling or shaking.
  4. Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering.
  5. Feelings of choking.
  6. Chest pain or discomfort.
  7. Nausea or abdominal distress.
  8. Feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed, or faint.
  9. Chills or heart sensations.
  10. Paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations).
  11. Derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself).
  12. Fear of losing control or “going crazy.”
  13. Fear of dying.

Note: Culture-specific symptoms (e.g., tinnitus, neck soreness, headache, uncontrollable screaming or crying) may be seen. Such symptoms should not count as one of the four required symptoms.

[INSERT_ELEMENTOR id="9770"]

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Psychiatry

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Diagnostic Criteria

A. Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached, as evidenced by at least three of the following:

  1. Recurrent excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or from major attachment figures.
  2. Persistent and excessive worry about losing major attachment figures or about possible harm to them, such as illness, injury, disasters, or death.
  3. Persistent and excessive worry about experiencing an untoward event (e.g., getting lost, being kidnapped, having an accident, becoming ill) that causes separation from a major attachment figure.
  4. Persistent reluctance or refusal to go out, away from home, to school, to work , or elsewhere because of fear of separation.
  5. Persistent and excessive fear of or reluctance about being alone or without major attachment figures at home or in other settings.
  6. Persistent reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home or to go to sleep without being near a major attachment figure.
  7. Repeated nightmares involving the theme of separation.
  8. Repeated complaints of physical symptoms (e.g., headaches, stomachaches, nausea, vomiting) when separation from major attachment figures occurs or is anticipated.

B. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, lasting at least 4 weeks in children and adolescents and typically 6 months or more in adults.

C. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, academic, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

D. The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as refusing to leave home because of excessive resistance to change in autism spectrum disorder; delusions or hallucinations concerning separation in psychotic disorders; refusal to go outside without a trusted companion in agoraphobia; worries about ill health or other harm befalling significant others in generalized anxiety disorder; or concerns about having an illness in illness anxiety disorder.

[INSERT_ELEMENTOR id="9770"]

Selective Mutism

Psychiatry

Selective Mutism

Diagnostic Criteria

  1. Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking (e.g., at school) despite speaking in other situations.
  2. The disturbance interferes with educational or occupational achievement or with social communication.
  3. The duration of the disturbance is at least 1 month (not limited to the first month of school).
  4. The failure to speak is not attributable to a lack of knowledge of, or comfort with, the spoken language required in the social situation.
  5. The disturbance is not better explained by a communication disorder (e.g., childhood onset fluency disorder) and does not occur exclusively during the course of autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, or another psychotic disorder.
[INSERT_ELEMENTOR id="9770"]

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Psychiatry

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Diagnostic Criteria

A) Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities (such as work or school performance).

B) The individual finds it difficult to control the worry.

C) The anxiety and worry are associated with three (or more) of the following six symptoms (with at least some symptoms having been present for more days than not for the past 6 months):

Note: Only one item is required in children.

  1. Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge.
  2. Being easily fatigued.
  3. Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank.
  4. Irritability.
  5. Muscle tension.
  6. Sleep disturbance (difficulty falling or staying asleep, or restless, unsatisfying sleep).

D) The anxiety, worry or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

E) The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism).

F) The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder (e.g., anxiety or worry about having panic attacks in panic disorder, negative evaluation in social anxiety disorder [social phobia], contamination obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation from attachment figures in separation anxiety disorder, reminders of traumatic events in posttraumatic stress disorder, gaining weight in anorexia nervosa, physical complaints in somatic symptom disorder, perceived appearance flaws in body dimorphic disorder, having a serious illness anxiety disorder, or the content of delusional beliefs in schizophrenia or delusional disorder).

[INSERT_ELEMENTOR id="9770"]

Agoraphobia

Psychiatry

Agoraphobia

Diagnostic Criteria

A) Marked  fear or anxiety about two (or more) of the following five situations:

  1. Using public transportation (e.g., automobiles, buses, trains, ships, planes).
  2. Being in open spaces (e.g., parking lots, marketplaces, bridges).
  3. Being in enclosed places (e.g., shops, theaters, cinemas).
  4. Standing in line or being a crowd.
  5. Being outside of the home alone.

B)The individual fears or avoids these situations because of thoughts that escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of developing panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms (e.g., fear of falling in the elderly; fear of incontinence).

C) The agoraphobic situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety.

D)The agoraphobic situations are actively avoided, require the presence of a companion, or are endured with intense fear or anxiety.

E)The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the agoraphobic situations and to the sociocultural context.

F) The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically for 6 months or more.

G)The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

H)  If another medical condition (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, Parkinson’s disease) is present, the fear, anxiety, or avoidance is clearly excessive.

I)  The  fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder-for example , the symptoms are  not confined to specific phobia, situational  type; do not involve only social situations (as in social anxiety disorder); and are not related exclusively to obsessions (as in obsessive-compulsive disorder), perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance (as in body dimorphic disorder), reminders of  traumatic events (as in posttraumatic stress disorder), or fear of separation (as in separation anxiety 

Note:   Agoraphobia is diagnosed irrespective of the presence of panic disorder. If an individual’s presentation meets criteria for panic disorder and agoraphobia, both diagnoses should be assigned.

[INSERT_ELEMENTOR id="9770"]

Phobias

Psychiatry

Phobias

Phobias are among the most common off all psychiatric disorders. Specific phobias affects 5-10 % of the general population and social phobia affects about 3 %.

A. What are phobias?

Phobias are marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable which is triggered by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation. Exposure to the situation cause intense anxiety and distress. People with phobias avoid the anxiety provoking situation.

There are many kinds of phobias

  1. Blood phobia: runs in the family
  2. Phobias for heights
  3. Phobias for lifts, escalators
  4. Phobias for flying in aircraft
  5. Phobias for enclosed places ETCSocial anxiety disorder or
  6. social phobia is one of the most common psychiatric disorder with a life time prevalence off 12 %. It is more common among women than men but both men and women equally seek help for the problem.

B. What are the symptoms of social Phobia?

There are definite criteria to diagnose social phobia

Some of the symptoms are

  1. A marked and persistent fear of social situations in which person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others.
  2. Fear that he or she will act in way that will be humiliating or embarrassing.
  3. Exposure to the feared social situation provokes anxiety.
  4. The person recognizes that the fear is excessive or unreasonable.
  5. Avoiding the feared social situation.
  6. Impaired socio –occupational functioning.
    Duration of above symptoms should at least be for 6 mont
[INSERT_ELEMENTOR id="9770"]

Other Personality Disorders

Psychiatry

Other Personality Disorders

Personality Change Due to another Medical Condition

Diagnostic Criteria

A) A persistent personality disturbance that represents a change from the individual’s previous characteristic personality pattern.

Note: In children, the disturbance involves a marked deviation from normal development or a significant change in the child’s usual behavior patterns, lasting at least 1 year.

B) There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is the direct patho physiological consequence of another medical condition.

C) The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder (including another mental disorder due to another medical condition).

D) The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium.

E) The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Specify whether:

Labile type: If the predominant feature is affective liability.

Disinherited type: If the predominant feature is poor impulse control as evidenced by sexual indiscretions, etc.

Aggressive type: If the predominant feature is aggressive behavior.

Apathetic type: if the predominant feature is marked apathy and indifference.

Paranoid type: If the predominant feature is suspiciousness or paranoid ideation.

Other type: If the presentation is not characterized by any of the above subtypes.

Combined type: If more than one feature predominates in the clinical picture.

Unspecified type

[INSERT_ELEMENTOR id="9770"]

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Psychiatry

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Diagnostic Criteria

A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following:

  1. Is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost.
  2. Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion (e.g., unable to complete a project because his or her own overly strict standards are not met).
  3. Is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships (not accounted for by obvious economic necessity).
  4. Is over conscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values (not accounted for by cultural or religious identification).
  5. Is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value.
  6. Is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly his or her way of doing things.
  7. Adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others; money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes.
  8. Shows rigidity and stubbornness.
[INSERT_ELEMENTOR id="9770"]

Dependent Personality Disorder

Psychiatry

Dependent Personality Disorder

Diagnostic Criteria

A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:

  1. Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others.
  2. Needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his or her life.
  3. Has difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval. (Note: Do not include realistic fears of retribution.)
  4. Has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his or her own (because of a lack of self-confidence in judgment or abilities rather than a lack of motivation or energy).
  5. Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others, to the point of volunteering to do things that are unpleasant.
  6. Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for him or her.
  7. Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends.
  8. Is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of him or her.
[INSERT_ELEMENTOR id="9770"]

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Psychiatry

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Diagnostic Criteria

A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following:

  1. Avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection.
  2. Is unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked.
  3. Shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed.
  4. Is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations.
  5. Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy.
  6. Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others.

Is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing

[INSERT_ELEMENTOR id="9770"]

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Psychiatry

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Diagnostic Criteria

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:

  1. Has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements).
  2. Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love.
  3. Believes that he or she is “special” and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions).
  4. Requires excessive admiration.
  5. Has a sense of entitlement ( I. e., unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations).
  6. Is interpersonally exploitative (i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends).
  7. Lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others.
  8. Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her.
  9. Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes.
[INSERT_ELEMENTOR id="9770"]